Please adhere to the following guidelines when you create a biographical sketch to accompany your article.

Photo

• Submit a high-quality JPEG photo of yourself to accompany the biographical text. The photo should be at least 300 pixels on *the long* side; our preferred size is 200 (width) x 300 (height) pixels.
• Photos should not have borders or other decorations. We prefer not to use casual snapshots.
• If an appropriate photo is already available on the Web and is not under copyright restrictions, send us the URL.

Self-reflexive references

• Use third person to refer to yourself. Do not use first person at any point.
• Identify yourself by full name at the beginning of the sketch. Thereafter, identify yourself by last name only or with a personal pronoun.
• Avoid nicknames and titles (e.g., "Dr.") throughout.

Academic degrees

• If you abbreviate a degree, use capitals and omit internal periods (e.g., PhD, MA, BS).
• If you refer to a degree generically, use lowercase for it as well as the field of study (e.g., "earned a master's degree in education," "received a doctorate in economics"). Note that "master's degree" and "bachelor's degree" should contain an apostrophe.
• The most immediately recognizable degree acronyms are BA, BS, MA, MS, PhD, and EdD. If you mention a different degree, provide the full name and use capital letters (e.g., Master of Social Work), or refer to it generically (e.g., "earned a master's degree in social work").

Titles

• Professional titles: Use lowercase (e.g., director of client services, vice president of information technology, member of the steering committee, etc.). Chaired professorships or similar posts are an exception; capitalize these as appropriate (e.g., Morehead Teaching Fellow). Do not use a hyphen in the title "vice president."
• Course titles: If you refer to a course by name, capitalize it (e.g., French 021, Civil War History). If you refer to a course by field of study, use lowercase (e.g., "Smith has taught many courses in philosophy and literature.").
• Program, department, or division titles: If you use the full, formal title, capitalize it (e.g., University of Michigan Department of Education, Division of Technology and Information Resources). If you refer to an area of responsibility but do not clearly designate the associated department or unit, use lowercase (e.g., vice president of information technology).
• Award, foundation, committee, grant, and organization titles: If you provide the full, formal title, capitalize it (e.g., Teacher of the Year citation, member of the official Committee on Technology Issues).

Publications

• It is not necessary to name specific works that you have authored, especially if you link to a personal Web page or curriculum vitae that lists your publications in full. Consider a general reference to your area of expertise (e.g., "Smith has published widely in the field of information technology. He co-authored two books and wrote five journal articles in 2003 alone.").
• If you mention a book, italicize the title; provide the publisher's name and year of publication in parentheses.
• If you mention a journal article, put the title in quotation marks; provide the journal name and year of publication in parentheses.

Hyperlinks and acronyms

• Provide URLs for your workplace (e.g., commercial company or university department), for any online projects you mention, and for organizations in which you have/had a founding or leadership role. Please provide each URL in parentheses after the appropriate word or phrase. We will insert the hyperlink for you.
• If you use an acronym, provide the full phrase or name at first mention and put the acronym in parentheses; thereafter, you may use only the acronym.

Contact information

• Please provide your e-mail address and Web site address (if available) at the end of the sketch. We will post these addresses in the "Contact Information" section of your biography.